C++ Functions, Libaries & Syntax Reference Guide
A complete, categorized reference of C++ syntax, functions, and programming structures for efficient coding, debugging, and software development
C++ Data Types & Variables
| Keyword | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
int | Stores integer values. | int age = 25; |
float | Stores decimal values with single precision. | float pi = 3.14f; |
double | Stores decimal values with double precision. | double g = 9.81; |
char | Stores a single character. | char grade = 'A'; |
string | Stores text (requires <string> library). | string name = "John"; |
bool | Stores true/false values. | bool isReady = true; |
C++ Control Structures
| Structure | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
if / else | Executes code based on condition. | if(x > 0) cout << "Positive"; else cout << "Negative"; |
switch | Selects code to execute based on expression value. | switch(day) { case 1: cout << "Mon"; break; } |
for | Repeats code a fixed number of times. | for(int i=0;i<5;i++) cout << i; |
while | Repeats code while condition is true. | while(x < 10) x++; |
do...while | Executes code at least once, then checks condition. | do { cout << x; } while(x<5); |
break / continue | Breaks or skips loop iteration. | if(i==3) continue; |
C++ Functions
| Concept | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
Function Declaration | Defines the return type and parameters. | int add(int a, int b); |
Function Definition | Implements function logic. | int add(int a,int b){return a+b;} |
Inline Function | Suggests compiler to expand function inline. | inline int square(int x){return x*x;} |
Default Arguments | Assigns default parameter values. | void greet(string name="Guest"); |
Function Overloading | Multiple functions with same name but different parameters. | int area(int r); double area(double r); |
Recursion | Function calls itself. | int fact(int n){return n==0?1:n*fact(n-1);} |
C++ Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
| Concept | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
class | Defines an object blueprint. | class Car {public: void drive(){cout << "Go";}}; |
object | Instance of a class. | Car myCar; myCar.drive(); |
constructor | Initializes object data. | Car(){cout << "Ready";} |
inheritance | Derives a class from another. | class EV : public Car { }; |
polymorphism | Allows one interface for multiple forms. | virtual void start(){} |
encapsulation | Bundles data and methods together. | private int speed; |
Common C++ Standard Libraries
| Library | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|
<iostream> | Input and output stream handling. | cout << "Hello"; |
<cmath> | Mathematical functions. | pow(2,3); |
<string> | String manipulation. | string s = "EngLab"; |
<vector> | Dynamic array structure. | vector<int> v = {1,2,3}; |
<algorithm> | Sorting, searching, and data manipulation algorithms. | sort(v.begin(), v.end()); |
<fstream> | File input/output operations. | ofstream file("data.txt"); |
About C++ Functions, Syntax & Programming
This C++ functions and syntax reference is a comprehensive, categorized guide for coding efficiently in C++ programming, software development, and engineering applications. It’s ideal for students, developers, engineers, and programmers who want to quickly learn, reference, and apply essential C++ functions, control structures, and OOP concepts to build reliable and maintainable software.
Applications
- Data Types & Variables – Define integers, floats, doubles, characters, strings, and boolean variables for computations and logic handling.
- Control Structures – Implement
if/else,switch,for,while, anddo...whileloops to control program flow efficiently. - Functions – Create reusable code with function declarations, definitions, default arguments, recursion, and overloading for cleaner, modular programs.
- Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) – Build classes, objects, constructors, inheritance hierarchies, polymorphism, and encapsulation for scalable software solutions.
- Standard Libraries – Utilize prebuilt C++ libraries like
<iostream>,<cmath>,<vector>, and<algorithm>for efficient data handling and computation.
Look up C++ functions, libaries and syntax to improve coding efficiency, reduce errors and quickly find the C++ feature you require.
By learning and applying these C++ functions and programming structures, you can:
- Write faster, cleaner, and more maintainable code
- Implement complex algorithms and software logic effectively
- Build reliable console applications and large-scale software
- Streamline debugging and reduce programming errors