Density of Water
Reference table, calculator, and chart for water density at standard atmospheric pressure
Water Density Calculator
Enter a temperature in Celsius or Kelvin to calculate the density of water:
Water Density Table
| Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m³) |
|---|---|
| 0 | 999.84 |
| 5 | 999.97 |
| 10 | 999.70 |
| 15 | 999.10 |
| 20 | 998.21 |
| 25 | 997.05 |
| 30 | 995.65 |
| 35 | 994.03 |
| 40 | 992.22 |
| 45 | 990.21 |
| 50 | 988.07 |
| 55 | 985.73 |
| 60 | 983.24 |
| 65 | 980.63 |
| 70 | 977.81 |
| 75 | 974.87 |
| 80 | 971.80 |
| 85 | 968.60 |
| 90 | 965.30 |
| 95 | 961.89 |
| 100 | 958.35 |
Water Density Graph
About Water Density
Water density is the mass of water per unit volume, typically expressed in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³). It is a fundamental property in thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and engineering applications, as it directly affects hydraulic calculations, buoyancy, energy transfer, and system efficiency.
Standard Reference Value
At 25°C (298.15 K) and standard atmospheric pressure, the density of water is approximately 997.05 kg/m³. This value serves as a standard reference for laboratory experiments, hydraulic systems, and engineering calculations.
Factors Affecting Water Density
Water density varies primarily with temperature and pressure. At atmospheric pressure, density decreases as temperature increases. Accurate knowledge of water density is essential for:
- Thermodynamics: Energy balance, heat capacity, and enthalpy calculations.
- Fluid Mechanics: Modeling flow in pipes, channels, pumps, and turbines.
- Hydraulics & Buoyancy: Designing floating systems, fluid storage, and flow rate estimation.
- Heat Transfer & Cooling Systems: Determining convective heat transfer and system efficiency.
- Environmental Engineering: Analyzing water movement, sediment transport, and temperature-dependent effects.
How Engineers Use Water Density
Engineers and scientists use water density, together with other properties—such as temperature, specific heat, viscosity, and pressure—to design and optimize thermodynamic systems, hydraulic machinery, cooling devices, and energy systems.
This page provides a density table, interactive calculator, and graphical chart to help engineers, researchers, and students accurately determine water density across a wide range of temperatures, ensuring precision in hydraulic calculations, thermal system design, and fluid mechanics analysis.