Water Properties at Room Temperature (25°C)
Reference table, calculator, and chart for water viscosity at standard atmospheric pressure
Water Properties at Room Temperature Table
| Property | SI Units | Metric Units | Imperial Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 997 kg/m³ | 0.997 g/cm³ | 62.2 lb/ft³ |
| Dynamic Viscosity | 0.89 mPa·s | 0.00089 Pa·s | 0.00183 lb/(ft·hr) |
| Kinematic Viscosity | 0.893 × 10⁻⁶ m²/s | 0.893 cSt | 0.987 × 10⁻⁵ ft²/s |
| Specific Heat Capacity (Cp) | 4.18 kJ/kg·K | 1 cal/g·°C | 1.0 Btu/lb·°F |
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.6 W/m·K | 0.6 W/m·K | 3.34 Btu·ft/(hr·ft²·°F) |
| Vapor Pressure | 3.17 kPa | 23.8 mmHg | 0.462 psi |
| Surface Tension | 0.072 N/m | 72 mN/m | 0.516 lb/ft |
| Refractive Index | 1.333 | 1.333 | 1.333 |
| pH | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Freezing Point | 0 °C | 0 °C | 32 °F |
| Boiling Point | 100 °C | 100 °C | 212 °F |
| Dielectric Constant | 78.5 | 78.5 | 78.5 |
About Water Properties at Room Temperature (25°C)
This section provides detailed definitions and practical applications of the key physical, thermal, and chemical properties of water at 25°C and 1 atm. These values are essential for engineering calculations, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and laboratory experiments.
Key Properties of Water at 25°C
- Density – Mass per unit volume (~997 kg/m³). Critical for flow, buoyancy, and mass transport calculations.
- Dynamic Viscosity – Resistance to flow (~0.89 mPa·s). Important for pipe flow, pumping, and shear stress analysis.
- Kinematic Viscosity – Ratio of dynamic viscosity to density (~0.893 × 10⁻⁶ m²/s or 0.893 cSt). Used in Reynolds number calculations and flow regime analysis.
- Specific Heat Capacity (Cp) – Heat required to raise 1 kg of water by 1 K (~4.18 kJ/kg·K). Essential for heat transfer, thermodynamic, and energy storage calculations.
- Thermal Conductivity – Heat conduction rate (~0.6 W/m·K). Key for designing thermal systems and heat exchangers.
- Vapor Pressure – Equilibrium pressure of water vapor (~3.17 kPa or 23.8 mmHg). Important for boiling, evaporation, and phase-change processes.
- Surface Tension – Force resisting surface deformation (~72 mN/m). Relevant in capillarity, droplet formation, and microfluidics.
- Refractive Index – Measure of light bending (~1.333). Used in optical experiments and fluid characterization.
- pH – Acidity/alkalinity of water, neutral at 7.
- Freezing Point – Temperature at which water solidifies (0°C at 1 atm).
- Boiling Point – Temperature at which water boils (100°C at 1 atm).
- Dielectric Constant – Water’s ability to store electrical energy (~78.5). Important for electrochemistry and insulation calculations.
- Heat of Fusion – Energy required to melt ice at 0°C (~334 J/g).
- Heat of Vaporization – Energy required to vaporize water at 100°C (~2260 J/g).
Applications
Engineers, researchers, and students use these water property values to:
- Thermodynamics: Energy transfer, enthalpy calculations, and heat storage analysis.
- Fluid Mechanics: Laminar and turbulent flow modeling, Reynolds number evaluation, and hydraulic system design.
- Heat Transfer: Design of heat exchangers, cooling systems, and thermal management solutions.
- Laboratory & Experimental Work: Provide accurate reference for simulations, experiments, and calibration.
This reference ensures quick and reliable access to standard water property values at 25°C, facilitating accurate engineering design, fluid analysis, and laboratory experimentation.