Properties of Water at Standard Pressure (1atm)
Comprehensive table of water properties at constant pressure (0–100°C, 1 atm)
Water Properties Reference Table
| Temp (°C) | Density (kg/m³) | Dynamic Viscosity (mPa·s) | Kinematic Viscosity (10⁻⁶ m²/s) | Specific Heat Cp (kJ/kg·K) | Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) | Vapor Pressure (kPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 999.84 | 1.792 | 1.792 | 4.218 | 0.561 | 0.611 |
| 5 | 999.97 | 1.519 | 1.520 | 4.200 | 0.564 | 0.872 |
| 10 | 999.70 | 1.307 | 1.308 | 4.192 | 0.567 | 1.228 |
| 15 | 999.10 | 1.139 | 1.140 | 4.187 | 0.569 | 1.705 |
| 20 | 998.21 | 1.002 | 1.003 | 4.182 | 0.572 | 2.338 |
| 25 | 997.05 | 0.890 | 0.892 | 4.181 | 0.606 | 3.169 |
| 30 | 995.65 | 0.798 | 0.800 | 4.180 | 0.613 | 4.246 |
| 35 | 994.03 | 0.719 | 0.722 | 4.181 | 0.619 | 5.628 |
| 40 | 992.21 | 0.653 | 0.656 | 4.182 | 0.626 | 7.382 |
| 45 | 990.20 | 0.596 | 0.600 | 4.184 | 0.632 | 9.573 |
| 50 | 988.04 | 0.546 | 0.551 | 4.186 | 0.638 | 12.35 |
| 55 | 985.71 | 0.501 | 0.506 | 4.188 | 0.644 | 15.72 |
| 60 | 983.28 | 0.460 | 0.466 | 4.190 | 0.650 | 19.92 |
| 65 | 980.72 | 0.424 | 0.430 | 4.193 | 0.656 | 25.03 |
| 70 | 978.03 | 0.391 | 0.397 | 4.196 | 0.661 | 31.12 |
| 75 | 975.21 | 0.361 | 0.367 | 4.199 | 0.667 | 38.24 |
| 80 | 972.27 | 0.335 | 0.342 | 4.202 | 0.672 | 46.40 |
| 85 | 969.20 | 0.311 | 0.318 | 4.205 | 0.677 | 55.76 |
| 90 | 966.00 | 0.290 | 0.297 | 4.208 | 0.682 | 66.41 |
| 95 | 962.66 | 0.271 | 0.279 | 4.211 | 0.686 | 78.51 |
| 100 | 959.00 | 0.282 | 0.290 | 4.216 | 0.679 | 101.33 |
About Water Properties at 1 atm
This section provides clear definitions and practical applications for key water properties measured at standard atmospheric pressure (1 atm) across temperatures from 0°C to 100°C. Understanding these properties is essential for engineering, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer calculations.
Key Water Properties
- Temperature (°C) – The measure of water’s thermal energy. Standard reference data ranges from 0 to 100°C.
- Density (kg/m³) – Mass per unit volume of water, critical for calculations in buoyancy, fluid flow, and mass transport.
- Dynamic Viscosity (mPa·s) – Resistance of water to flow under applied force. Important for pipe flow, pumping, and heat transfer studies.
- Kinematic Viscosity (10⁻⁶ m²/s) – Ratio of dynamic viscosity to density, representing momentum diffusion. Key for Reynolds number calculations and flow regime analysis.
- Specific Heat Capacity (Cp, kJ/kg·K) – Heat required to raise 1 kg of water by 1 K. Essential for heat transfer, energy storage, and thermodynamic calculations.
- Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) – Rate of heat conduction through water per unit distance per temperature difference. Crucial for heat exchanger design and thermal system efficiency.
- Vapor Pressure (kPa) – Pressure at which water vapor is in equilibrium with liquid water at a given temperature. Important for boiling, evaporation, and phase-change processes.
Applications of Water Property Data
Engineers, researchers, and students use these water property values to:
- Thermodynamics: Calculate heat transfer, enthalpy changes, and energy storage.
- Fluid Mechanics: Model laminar and turbulent flow in pipes, channels, and open systems.
- Hydraulic & Thermal System Design: Size pumps, heat exchangers, and piping for optimal performance.
- Experimental & Laboratory Work: Provide baseline data for water-based experiments and simulations.
This reference table, along with related calculators and charts, allows accurate and efficient determination of water properties for engineering and scientific analysis. Consistent knowledge of water properties is critical for designing reliable hydraulic systems, thermal management solutions, and fluid dynamics experiments.